It also lowers the risk of infection and decreases the need for lifelong use of blood-thinning medicines. If repair isn't an option, then the valve can be replaced. Mechanical valves and biological valves are available as replacement valves. Mechanical valves are man-made and can last a lifetime. People who have mechanical valves must take blood-thinning medicines for the rest of their lives. Biological valves are taken from cows or pigs or made from human tissue.
Many people who have biological valves don't need to take blood-thinning medicines for the rest of their lives.
The major drawback of biological valves is that they weaken and often only last about 10 years. After surgery, a patient usually stays in the intensive care unit in the hospital for 2 to 3 days. Overall, most people spend about 1 to 2 weeks in the hospital.
Complete recovery takes a few weeks to several months, depending on your health before surgery. If you've had valve repair or replacement, you may need antibiotics before dental work and surgery that can allow bacteria into the bloodstream. These medicines can help prevent IE, a serious heart valve infection. Discuss with your doctor whether you need to take antibiotics before such procedures. Some researchers are testing the repair of leaky valves using a catheter tube inserted through a large blood vessel.
Although this approach is less invasive and can prevent a patient from having open-heart surgery , it's only being done at a few medical centers. Large studies haven't yet shown that this new approach is better than traditional approaches. You can't prevent mitral valve prolapse MVP. Complications from MVP, such as arrhythmias irregular heartbeats and infective endocarditis IE , are rare. However, people who are at highest risk for IE may be given antibiotics before some types of surgery and dental work to help prevent infection.
Your doctor will talk to you about whether you need this type of treatment. People who are at highest risk for IE may include those who've had valve repair or replacement or who have some types of underlying heart disease. Most people who have mitral valve prolapse MVP have no symptoms or problems, need no treatment, and are able to lead normal, active lives. When present, symptoms and complications most often can be controlled with medicines.
Some people may need heart valve surgery to relieve their symptoms and prevent complications. Rarely, MVP can result in arrhythmias and other complications. Take steps to try to prevent infective endocarditis IE , an infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers and valves. Tell your doctors and dentists that you have MVP.
Call your doctor if you have any signs of infection, such as sore throat, general body aches, or fever. Take all of your medicines as your doctor prescribes, including blood-thinning and high blood pressure medicines. Make healthy lifestyle choices. For example, avoid smoking and taking birth control pills; both can raise your risk for blood clots.
If you smoke, talk to your doctor about programs and products that can help you quit. Also, try to avoid secondhand smoke. Talk to your doctor about how much and what types of physical activity are safe for you. Also, ask your doctor whether you need to make any changes to your diet. Department of Health and Human Services. Gateway Medical Building Fourth St. Normal Mitral Valve The mitral valve controls the flow of blood between the two chambers on the left side of the heart.
Mitral Valve Prolapse In MVP, when the left ventricle contracts, one or both flaps of the mitral valve flop or bulge back prolapse into the left atrium. Mitral Valve Prolapse Figure A shows a normal mitral valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
Outlook Most people who have MVP have no symptoms or medical problems and don't need treatment. Arrhythmias Mitral valve backflow can cause arrhythmias. Infection of the Mitral Valve A deformed mitral valve flap attracts bacteria that may be in the bloodstream.
Doppler Ultrasound A Doppler ultrasound is part of an echo test. This test is used to look for fluid in your lungs or to see whether your heart is enlarged. An EKG electrocardiogram. An EKG is a simple test that records your heart's electrical activity. An EKG can show how fast your heart is beating, whether its rhythm is steady or irregular, and the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through your heart.
The goals of treating MVP include: Preventing infective endocarditis IE , arrhythmias , and other complications Relieving symptoms Correcting the underlying mitral valve problem, when necessary Medicines Medicines called beta blockers have been used to treat symptoms such as palpitations strong or rapid heartbeats and chest discomfort in people who have MVP and little or no mitral valve backflow.
If you have MVP and significant backflow and symptoms, your doctor may prescribe: Vasodilators to widen your blood vessels and reduce the workload of your heart. Examples of vasodilators are isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine. Digoxin to strengthen your heartbeat. Diuretics water pills to remove excess fluid in your lungs.
Medicines such as flecainide and procainamide to regulate your heart rhythms. Blood-thinning medicines to reduce the risk of blood clots forming if you have atrial fibrillation. Examples of blood-thinning medicines include aspirin and warfarin. Surgery Surgery on the mitral valve is done only when the valve is very abnormal and blood is flowing back into the atrium. Surgical Approaches Traditionally, mitral valve repair and replacement are done by making an incision cut in the breastbone and exposing the heart.
Valve Repair and Valve Replacement In mitral valve surgery, the valve is repaired or replaced completely. Experimental Approaches Some researchers are testing the repair of leaky valves using a catheter tube inserted through a large blood vessel. Living With Mitral Valve Prolapse Most people who have mitral valve prolapse MVP have no symptoms or problems, need no treatment, and are able to lead normal, active lives.
See your doctor if your symptoms worsen. Key Points Mitral valve prolapse MVP is a condition in which the heart's mitral valve doesn't work properly. The mitral valve controls the flow of blood between the two chambers on the left side of the heart, the left atrium and the left ventricle.
In MVP, when the left ventricle contracts, one or both of the flaps of the valve flop or bulge back prolapse into the left atrium. Rarely, blood can leak the wrong way through the floppy valve, which may cause shortness of breath, palpitations strong or rapid heartbeats , chest pain, or other symptoms.
Rarely, MVP can cause complications such as arrhythmias irregular heartbeats or infective endocarditis an infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers and valves.
The exact cause of MVP isn't known. MVP tends to run in families and is more common in people who were born with connective tissue disorders. MVP occurs in all age groups and in men and women. MVP with complications or severe symptoms most often occurs in men who are older than It occurs in about 1 out of every 50 people and is slightly more common in women than in men. This condition can be undetected for years and doesn't usually cause serious heart problems.
Most people with MVP require no treatment. The mitral valve is the heart valve located between the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart.
The mitral valve is made up of two flaps and controls the blood flow from the top chamber of the left side of the heart the left atrium to its bottom chamber the left ventricle. But in MVP, one or both of the flaps are too big.
The valve can't close properly and will bulge out or prolapse into the left atrium. With a stethoscope, doctors may hear the soft "clicking" sound of the bulging. Sometimes, the bulging creates a little space between the flaps, which lets the blood leak backwards into the left atrium from the ventricle. This leak or regurgitation can cause a "whooshing" murmur sound that can also be heard with the stethoscope. MVP is sometimes inherited. Some people with MVP have minor deformities of the chest, back, and spine.
In rare cases, inherited diseases such as Marfan's syndrome have been associated with MVP. MVP symptoms are usually minor. If you have MVP, you may feel perfectly fine or may not even know about it. Most people with MVP have no symptoms. Some of the symptoms people feel are often puzzling, since they aren't directly caused by the valve malfunction. Treatment Options. Recovery and Healthy Living Goals. Personal Stories. Heart Valve Disease Resources. Heart Valve Disease Awareness Day.
Recovery from a heart condition becomes so much more manageable when you have the right kind of emotional support. What's mitral valve prolapse? What happens during MVP? Is mitral valve prolapse dangerous? What causes MVP? How's mitral valve prolapse detected? What should I do if a murmur is detected? Does mitral valve prolapse need to be treated? People with an abnormal mitral valve may need mitral valve repair or replacement if: Symptoms are getting worse Mitral regurgitation becomes severe The left ventricle or left atrium of the heart become enlarged Arrhythmias develop The heart function ejection fraction decreases MVP rarely becomes a serious condition.
Do people with MVP need to take antibiotics before dental procedures?
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