Compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening and occasionally life-threatening injury. It occurs whenever the tissue pressure referred to as interstitial pressure within a closed anatomic space is greater than the perfusion pressure. Untreated, compartment syndrome leads to tissue necrosis, permanent functional impairment and, if severe in large compartments, renal failure and death.
Compartment syndrome can occur within any muscle group located in a compartment. It is most common following an event that severely damages a muscle, like a crushing or twisting injury. Mechanisms of injury that involve circumferential burns, ischemia and tourniquets can cause compartment syndrome.
Motorcyclists who suffer lower-extermity injuries in accidents are a high-risk group. Early diagnosis of tibial compartment syndrome: continuous pressure measurement or not? Current thinking about acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity. Can J Surg. Diagnostic techniques in acute compartment syndrome of the leg. J Orthop Trauma ; — Normal compartment pressures of the lower leg in children.
J Bone Joint Surg Br ; — Compartment syndrome in open tibial fractures. Fluid balance within the canine anterolateral compartment and its relationship to compartment syndromes. Intracompartmental pressure monitoring of leg injuries. An aid to management.
Compartmental syndromes in children. J Pediatr Orthop ; 1: 33— Tissue pressure measurements as a determinant for the need of fasciotomy. Histologic determination of the ischemic threshold of muscle in the canine compartment syndrome model.
Elevated intramuscular compartment pressures do not influence outcome after tibial fracture. Ozkayin N, Aktuglu K. Absolute compartment pressure versus differential pressure for the diagnosis of compartment syndrome in tibial fractures. Matsen FA 3rd. Compartmental syndrome. An unified concept.
Long term results of compartment syndrome of the lower limb in polytraumatized patients. Injury ; — Do one-time intracompartmental pressure measurements have a high false-positive rate in diagnosing compartment syndrome? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. Routine monitoring of compartment pressure in patients with tibial fractures: beware of overtreatment! Evaluation of outcomes in patients following surgical treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the leg. Clin J Sports Med. Complications after fasciotomy revision and delayed compartment release in combat patients.
Fasciotomy: An appraisal of controversial issues. Arch Surg. Acute compartment syndrome of the leg Fasciotomies must be performed early,butgood surgical technique is important. BMJ ; Acute compartment syndrome—a life and limb threatening surgical emergency. J Perioper Pract ; 19 5 : Compartment syndrome ofthe thigh: a systematic review.
Injury ; 41 2 : Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. June Indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Accessed: 17 May Acute peripheral ischaemia and compartment syndromes: a role for hyperbaric oxygenation. Share this: Email Tweet. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Our goal is to inform the global EM community with timely and high yield content about what providers like YOU are seeing and doing everyday in your local ED. Algorithm of the month Ear Pain.
Popular Recent Comments. Featured Articles. EM Educator. Peds EM Morsels. Pediatric Small Talk — The Ru My Patient is Deaf. What Should I K In the Literature. Ultrasound G. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. This form of compartment syndrome is not a medical emergency and will relieve itself after the exercise is discontinued.
To diagnose chronic compartment syndrome your doctor will measure the pressures in your compartment, after ruling out other conditions like tendinitis or a stress fracture. This condition can resolve itself after discontinuing activity.
Other treatment options are nonsurgical:. If nonsurgical treatments do not work, a doctor may suggest an elective surgical treatment similar to that in acute compartment syndrome. For chronic compartment syndrome the incision is often shorter. Acute Compartment Syndrome Acute compartment syndrome occurs when the pressure inside of a compartment increases. There are many ways that compartment syndrome can begin: Broken bone Badly bruised muscle Blood flow returning after being blocked Crushing injuries Anabolic steroids Constricting bandages Blood clot Each of these injuries to the body can increase the pressure in a compartment.
Symptoms Symptoms usually develop over the course of a couple hours after a serious injury. AccessEmergency Medicine. Case Files Collection. Clinical Sports Medicine Collection. Davis AT Collection. Davis PT Collection. Murtagh Collection. About Search. Enable Autosuggest. You have successfully created a MyAccess Profile for alertsuccessName. Previous Chapter. Next Chapter. Haller P. Haller, Paul R. Compartment Syndrome. Tintinalli J. Judith E.
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